Njengengxenye eyinhloko yesistimu ye-powertrain ne-fluid transmission yemoto, ukwethembeka kwamapayipi azenzakalelayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwemoto nempilo yesevisi. Njengoba imboni yezimoto yesimanje ithuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu nokubankimbinkimbi okukhulu, ukulungiswa kwamapayipi sekushintshile kusukela ekushintshweni okulula kuya kuphrojekthi ehlelekile yokuhlanganisa isayensi yezinto, ukukhanda okusamanzi, kanye nobuchwepheshe bemishini bokunemba. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuhlelekile izindlela zobungcweti nolwazi olusebenzayo lokulungisa amapayipi azenzakalelayo kusukela kumbono wokuxilongwa kwephutha, amasu okukhanda, ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokulawula ikhwalithi.
I. Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zephutha kanye Namasu Okuxilonga
Ukwehluleka okujwayelekile kombhobho ozenzakalelayo kubonakala njengokuvuza, ukuvinjwa, ukuqhekeka, nokwehluleka kwezixhumi. Olayini bakaphethiloli bajwayele ukuvuza ukuvuza kwenjoloba ngenxa-yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumhwamuko kaphethiloli, kuyilapho izintambo zikawoyela{2}}ezinomfutho ophezulu zingase zibe nokuqhekeka kokukhathala kwensimbi ngenxa yomfutho wegazi. Amapayipi esistimu yokupholisa avamise ukuba nomthelela wokunyakazisa obangelwa amadiphozithi esikali, kuyilapho imigqa yamabhuleki, ngenxa yokuncipha kwedayamitha yangaphakathi ebangelwa ukugqwala, ngokuvamile iholela ekulahlekeni kwamandla okubhuleka. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxilonga budlule imikhawulo yokuhlola okubukwayo kwendabuko. Izinzwa zengcindezi yedijithali zingathola ngokunembile izinguquko zengcindezi ehlukile ephansi njenge-0.1 MPa. Amakhamera we-infrared thermal imaging angathola okudidayo kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezifihliwe. Ama-endoscopes ahlanganiswe nama-tracers e-fluorescent akhuphule izinga lokutholwa kwama-microcracks angaphezu kwama-92%. Endabeni yokulungisa ehilela uhlobo lwesiJalimane, ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza kwe-spectrum kutholwe ngempumelelo umthombo wokuphuka kokukhathala epayipini likawoyela eliyingxubevange ye-aluminium okubangelwa ukuzwakala kwe-bracket resonance.
II. Ukuqaliswa Kobuchwepheshe Bokulungisa Okukhethekile
Kudingeka izixazululo ezihlukene zokulungisa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaphutha. Emapayipini ensimbi agqwalile endaweni, ngemva kokukhipha ingxenye eyonakele ngokusebenzisa ukusika kwe-plasma, amathuluzi okushisa akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukulungisa amalunga okuphela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufana kodonga lwama-welds amasha ahlangene kungaphakathi kwe-0.15 mm. Lapho ushintsha amapayipi ahlanganisa amapayipi, itorque elayishwa ngaphambili ecaciswe umenzi (ngokuvamile engu-25-35 N·m) kufanele ilandelwe ngokuqinile, futhi isikrufu setorque kufanele sisetshenziselwe ukuqinisekiswa{6}} kwama-engeli amabili. Ukulungiswa kwamapayipi kawoyela anengcindezi ephezulu kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekulawuleni ukuhlanzeka. Indawo yokulungisa kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-ISO 14644-1 ze-Class 7 zegumbi lokuhlanza, futhi ukuhlanzwa kwe-ultrasonic nge-isopropyl alcohol solution kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Imanuwali yokugcinwa kwenkampani yezimoto zamandla amasha igcizelela ngokuqondile ukuthi ngemva kokulungiswa, imigqa yokupholisa kufanele ihlolwe ingcindezi izikhathi ezingu-1.5 zokucindezela kokusebenza (okungenani imizuzu engu-15), futhi ukwehla kwengcindezi akufanele kudlule u-3% yenani lokuqala.
III. Isayensi Yezinto Ezibalulekile Nokukhethwa Okuhambisanayo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokulungisa kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokulungisa kanye nempilo yesevisi. Izimpawu ze-Fluororubber (FKM) ziyanconywa kumasistimu kaphethiloli, njengoba zinikeza ibanga lokumelana nezinga lokushisa elingu--20℃kuya ku-200℃kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuvuvukala kumafutha e-ethanol{6}}ahlanganisiwe. I-Inconel 625 alloy ikhethwa ezindaweni-zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (njengemigqa ye-turbocharger), njengoba igcina amandla ahle kakhulu okukhasa ngisho naku-850 degree. Kubuchwepheshe besimanje bokulungisa inhlanganisela, i-carbon fibre{11}}reinforced epoxy resin isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukulungisa ukufakwa kwamapayipi okukhipha amandla awonakele. I-thermal conductivity yayo iyingxenye yesishiyagalombili kuphela yezinto zendabuko ze-asbestos, kuyilapho amandla ayo aqinile engaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto zokushisela zamapayipi ensimbi ahlukene kufanele zihambisane ngokuqinile. Isibonelo, amapayipi e-aluminium alloy kufanele asebenzise i-ER4043 intambo yokushisela ene-argon shielded welding, ne-welding current elawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga le-120-150A.
IV. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nokugcinwa Kokuvikela
Kudingeka-isistimu yokuhlola izinhlangothi eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokulungisa. Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela enezigaba, kuqala ngokuhlolwa kokuvuza kokuqala izikhathi ezingu-1.2 zokucindezela kokusebenza, bese kukhuphuka kancane kancane kufinyelele ku-90% womkhawulo wengcindezi yokuklama. Isitholi sokuvuza se-hydrogen mass spectrometer siyanconywa ukuze kutholwe ukuvuza, ngezinga lokuvuza elincane elibonakalayo elingu-5 × 10⁻¹² Pa·m³/s. Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuvimbelayo, kuyanconywa ukuhlola isistimu yokupholisa i-pH njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-20,000 (empeleni ngaphakathi kwebanga elingu-7.5-8.5). Ukushintshwa okupholisayo okuphelele kuyadingeka lapho ukuqhutshwa kwe-conductivity kudlula u-3000 μS/cm. Ngemva kokusebenzisa "isistimu{16}}yokulungisa izigaba ezintathu," enye yezimoto zezentengiselwano yehle ngo-67% kumazinga okuhluleka ahlobene namapayipi. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke kokubonakala kokuqina kwe-clamp, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezibucayi njalo ngekota kusetshenziswa i-borescope, kanye nokushintshwa kwaminyaka yonke kwazo zonke izimpawu zenjoloba.
Ngokusheshisa ukufakwa kukagesi ezimotweni, ukugcinwa kokufakwa kukagesi{0}kwamapayipi okupholisa amasistimu kagesi kagesi aphezulu sekuphenduke inkambu evelayo. Izisebenzi zokunakekela azidingeki nje ukuba zifunde amakhono okulungisa emishini kodwa futhi zijwayelane{2}}nezinqubo zokuphepha zamandla kagesi aphezulu (njengokugqoka i-CAT III igiya lokuvikela). Ngokuzayo, amasistimu wokubikezela isimo sepayipi asekelwe kubuchwepheshe obuwele bedijithali azothuthukisa ukunemba kokulungisa. Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms okufunda omshini aqapha umfutho woketshezi, izinga lokushisa, nedatha yokudlidliza ngesikhathi sangempela, anganikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhluleka okungase kube khona ezinsukwini eziyi-14-21 kusengaphambili. Izinkampani ezilungisayo kufanele zisungule izinkundla zokulungisa zedijithali ezihlanganisa imininingo egciniwe yezinto ezibonakalayo, imitapo yolwazi yepharamitha, kanye nezisekelo zolwazi lwamacala. Lena indlela yokuthuthukisa engenakugwenywa yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekela nokusebenza kahle.
