Njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuxhuma ezinhlelweni zama-hydraulic, umsebenzi oyinhloko wezixhumi ze-hydraulic ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okuthembekile nokusebenza kahle koketshezi olusebenzisa amanzi (imvamisa uwoyela) phakathi kwamapayipi nezingxenye, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukucindezela kwesistimu nokuvimbela ukuvuza. Isimiso sabo sokusebenza sibandakanya imiphumela ye-synergistic ye-fluid mechanics, ubuchwepheshe bokuvala uphawu, kanye nesakhiwo semishini. Ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo kugxile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, izindlela zokuvala, nokuqaliswa kokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziguquguqukayo.
1. Ukubunjwa Kwesakhiwo kanye Nokuma Okuyisisekelo Kokusebenza
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesixhumi se-hydraulic ngokuvamile sinezingxenye ezintathu: umzimba omkhulu (isigaba sokuxhuma), ukuhlanganiswa kokuvala, kanye nendlela yokukhiya. Umzimba oyinhloko unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlangana nemigqa ye-hydraulic (njengamapayipi ensimbi namapayipi) noma izingxenye ze-hydraulic (njengamaphampu, amavalvu, namasilinda). Umklamo walo ongaphakathi wodonga kufanele uhambisane nobubanzi kanye nokuma kwesiteshi esiwuketshezi. Ingxenye yokuvala iyunithi yokusebenza ewumongo, futhi amafomu avamile ahlanganisa O-izindandatho (irabha noma i-polyurethane), ama-gasket ayinhlanganisela (izinhlanganisela zensimbi nenjoloba), noma izindawo ezivalekayo eziqinile (ezifana nezindawo eziyindilinga/eziyindilinga). Indlela yokukhiya ivikela futhi ivimbele ukuxegiswa kwesixhumi ngoxhumo oluluchungechunge (njengamazinga e-NPT ne-BSPP), izifakelo zokuminyanisa (ezifana nokufakwa kokuminyanisa kwe-SAE J514), noma{6}}ukuxhuma izinzipho ezisheshayo ({7}njengokucindezela{8}okushesha{8}okushintsha izixhumi ezivame ukusetshenziswa emishinini yokwakha).
Ngokombono wokusebenza, izixhumi ze-hydraulic kufanele ngesikhathi esisodwa zihlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo ezintathu: okokuqala, sungula indlela eqhubekayo yoketshezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kukawoyela okungavinjelwe; okwesibili, ukumelana nengcindezi yokusebenza kwesistimu (ngokuvamile i-10-50 MPa, kodwa idlula i-100 MPa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu) ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki noma ukuphuka; futhi okwesithathu, gcina ingcindezi yesistimu ezinzile ngokuvimbela izindlela zokuvuza zangaphakathi nangaphandle ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yokuvala.
2. Indlela Yokuvala: Ibhalansi Enamandla Eqhutshwa Ingcindezi
Ukusebenza kokuvalwa kokufakwa kwe-hydraulic kuwumgogodla wokusebenza kwazo. Umgomo wayo usekelwe ezindleleni ezimbili "zokuziqinisa{1}}kanye "nesinxephezelo{2}}sangaphambi{2}}sokucindezela." Lapho uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lucushiwe, uketshezi ludala ukucindezela kokuqala ngaphansi kwesenzo sepompo. Kuleli qophelo, amandla okucindezela engxenyeni yokuvala ayanda njengoba ingcindezi ikhuphuka. Isibonelo, i-O-indandatho icindezelwa ngokukhazimulayo, futhi indawo yayo yokuthintana kanye nengcindezi yokuxhumana iyanda kanyekanye, ivala izikhala ezincane kakhulu phakathi komzimba oyinhloko nesixhumi (njengemigodi ebangelwa ukuhwalala kwendawo). Kuma-conical seal (njenge-74℃taper angle of hydraulic pipe fittings), uwoyela{9}}wokucindezela okuphezulu usebenza ngokuhlehla endaweni ecijile, esunduza izindawo ezivalayo, okudala umphumela omuhle wempendulo: "lapho ingcindezi iphezulu, i-seal iqina."
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukubeka uphawu akuncikile kuphela ekunwebekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Idizayini{1}}yangaphambili yokuminyanisa ibalulekile. Isibonelo, i-O-izindandatho zidinga u-15%-30% wokuminyanisa isilinganiso ngesikhathi sokufakwa (inani elithile lincike ekuqineni kwerabha nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvaleka kokuqala ngisho nangaphansi kwezingcindezi eziphansi. Ngaphansi{{8}izimo zokucindezela okuphezulu, okubalulekile kokuvala kufanele kumelane ne-extrusion (isibonelo, amaringi e-fiber-e-polyurethane O{11}}eqinisiwe) futhi imelane nokubola kwemidiya (isibonelo, i-fluoroelastomer ifanele uketshezi lwe-phosphate ester hydraulic). Ukuminyanisa ngaphambilini{12}okwanele{12}kungaholela{13}}ekuvuzeni okuncane ngengcindezi ephansi, kuyilapho ukuminyanisa kwangaphambilini ngokweqile kungabangela ukuguga ngokweqile endaweni yokuvala noma kwenze ukuhlanganisa nokuqaqa kube nzima.
3. Ukuzinza Kokusebenza ngaphansi Kwezimo Zokusebenza Ezinamandla
Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, izixhumi ze-hydraulic kumele zimelane nokuguquguquka kwengcindezi evamile (njengokuphakama kwesikhashana-okukhuphuka kokucindezela okubangelwa ukushaqeka kwamanzi), ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa (okusebenza ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa elingu--40℃kuya ku-+120℃), kanye nokudlidliza komshini (njengokudlidliza okuqhubekayo kwemishini yokwakha). Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele, umgomo wayo wokusebenza uzuza ukuzinza ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Okokuqala,{0}}idizayini emunca ingcindezi: Izixhumi{1}}eziphakeme ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezimanzisa (njengama-throttle grooves noma ama-buffer chamber). Uma ukushaqeka kwe-hydraulic kwenzeka ohlelweni, ukwakheka kokumanzisa kunweba isikhathi sokukhuphuka kwengcindezi futhi kuvimbele ukwehluleka kwezimpawu ngenxa yokugcwala kwesikhashana. Isibonelo, ezinye izixhumi zepayipi{4}}zokucindezela okuphezulu zinamashaneli okugeleza okuvunguzayo angaphakathi anweba indlela yokugeleza kukawoyela ukuze kwehliswe amandla okwethuka.
Okwesibili, isinxephezelo sokunwetshwa kwezinga lokushisa: Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungabangela umehluko ekunwetshweni kokushisa okushisayo kanye nokufinyezwa kwama-coefficients wento yokuvala kanye nezingxenye zensimbi (isibonelo, irabha ingakhula ngenani eliphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10 kunelensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu), okungase konakalise ukulayisha kuqala uphawu lokuqala. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, ezinye izixhumi zisebenzisa ukwakheka "kwendandatho entantayo yophawu" (njengokuhlelwa kwendandatho ye-O-ekabili) eshintshashintshayo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganiswa kophawu ukuthi kuhambe ngendlela ehambisanayo phakathi kwebanga elithile, kunxephezela izinga lokushisa{3}}izinguquko zobukhulu ezidalwe.
Okokugcina, ukucindezelwa kokudlidliza: Idizayini emelene{0}}nokuxega yendlela yokukhiya iwukhiye. Isibonelo, amalunga anentambo avame ukubhangqwa namawasha asentwasahlobo noma ama-locknuts enayiloni, asebenzisa ukumelana nokungqubuzana ukuvimbela ukuxega okubangelwa ukudlidliza. Ukufakwa kokuminyanisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuncike ekubandakanyekeni kokusebenza kwe-ferrule odongeni lwamapayipi (kunokuba nje uphoqe) ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka koxhumano ngisho nangaphansi kokudlidliza okude.
Isiphetho
Isimiso sokusebenza sokufakwa kwe-hydraulic empeleni siyinhlanganisela "yokwakhiwa kwendlela yoketshezi," "ibhalansi yokucindezela kokuvala," kanye "nokujwayela okuguquguqukayo kuzimo zokusebenza." Kusukela ekulayisheni kuqala okumile kuya kungcindezi eguquguqukayo-izinga lokushisa{2}}ukudlidliza okuningi-ekuhlanganisweni kwezinkundla, ukwakheka kwazo kufanele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nemithetho ye-fluid mechanics kanye nezimiso zesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Njengoba amasistimu asebenza ngogesi aguqukela ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu (okufana ne-ultra{{5}high-izinhlelo zokusebenza zengcindezi engaphezu kuka-80 MPa) kanye nokuhlakanipha okukhulu (njengokufakwa okuhlakaniphile okunezinzwa zokucindezela okuhlanganisiwe), imigomo yokusebenza yokufakwa kwamanzi e-hydraulic esizayo izohlanganisa futhi ukunemba kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye ne-adaptive control logic ye-industrial ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenqubo eyengeziwe.
