Amapayipi ezimoto, njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zesitimela samandla semoto, isistimu kaphethiloli, nesistimu yokupholisa, kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwayo, ukwethembeka, nempilo yesevisi. Njengoba imboni yezimoto iqhubekela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu kanye nokukhipha umoya omncane, izimfuneko zokusebenza zokusebenzisa amapayipi ngokuzenzakalelayo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile nezindlela zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe zokusebenzisa amapayipi ngokuzenzakalelayo emibonweni emithathu: isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, idizayini yesakhiwo, nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo.
Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile Kunquma Ukusebenza Okuyisisekelo
Ukuqina nokusebenza kokusebenza kwamapayipi ngokuzenzakalelayo kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko izici ezibonakalayo. Izimoto ezisebenza ngophethiloli wendabuko{1}zivame ukusebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi noma i-aluminium alloy ukulinganisa amandla nezimfuneko ezingasindi. Ngokuphambene, amasistimu okupholisa amandla aphezulu-ezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla avame ukusebenzisa izinhlanganisela zenayiloni noma insimbi engagqwali ukuze imelane nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-PA66+I-GF (ingilazi-i-fiber-inayiloni eqinisiwe) isiphenduke inketho evamile yamapayipi enjini ngenxa yokumelana kwayo- nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu ({9}}amazinga okushisa okusebenza esikhathi eside angaphezu kuka-120℃) kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokunamathela ngaphakathi (njengezendlalelo ze-epoxy resin anti{12}}ezinokugqwala) zingathuthukisa ukumelana kwepayipi ekungeneni kukaphethiloli kanye ne-oxidation.
Idizayini Yesakhiwo Ithuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokusebenza
Idizayini yesakhiwo yamapayipi kufanele ilinganise amandla oketshezi kanye nokusabalaliswa kokucindezeleka komshini. -Izakhiwo zamapayipi eziyinhlanganisela yesendlalelo ezithuthukisiwe ngokuhlaziywa kwesici esilinganiselwe (FEA) zinika amandla izindonga ezizacile (ehlisa ukujiya kodonga ngo-15%-20%) kuyilapho kugcinwa amandla acindezelayo. Isibonelo,-izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-exhaust yesistimu ye-turbocharger isebenzisa-inqubo eshiselwe insimbi engagqwali ekabili. Isendlalelo sangaphakathi siyi-chromium ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa{11}}ne-nickel alloy, futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle lumbozwe nge-ceramic coating evikela ukushisa, enciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi ivikele izintambo ezizungezile. Idizayini yophawu lwesixhumi esisheshayo incike ezintweni ezikhethekile ezifana ne-fluororubber (FKM) noma i-perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungavuzi emazingeni okushisa okusebenza asukela ku- -40℃kuya ku-250℃.
Ukuvumelana Nezimo Zemvelo Kunweba Imingcele Yesicelo
Amapayipi ezimoto esimanje kufanele abhekane nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi: umfutho womoya ophansi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ungaholela kumfutho ongejwayelekile womhwamuko kaphethiloli, umswakama ophezulu ezindaweni ezishisayo ungasheshisa ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi ngogesi, futhi izindawo ezibanda kakhulu zidinga ukuguquguquka kwepayipi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka okuphukayo. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zidingo, onjiniyela bakha isistimu yokunxephezela evumelana nezimo{1}}esebenzisa amajoyinti anwebekayo akhelwe{2}}ngaphakathi kwe-bellows ukuze imunce ukunwebeka nokufinyela okushisayo, futhi isebenzisa ama-nano{3}}ama-polymers alungisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe{4}}ukuqina{4}}kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi amapayipi anemigqa aphathwe ngokukhethekile i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE){6}}angakwazi ukugcina ngaphezu kuka-85% wokuguquguquka kwawo kwasekuqaleni ngisho naku- -60℃.
Ngokuzayo, ngokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuhlakaniphile, amapayipi ahlakaniphile anezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe zengcindezi/izinga lokushisa azoba umkhuba okhulayo. Impendulo yedatha-yesikhathi sangempela ayinikezi nje kuphela isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuhluleka okungase kube khona kodwa futhi inikeza izimiso ezibalulekile zokulawula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla emoto. Ukuphumelela okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwamapayipi ezimoto bekulokhu kuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe bezimoto.
